The large effect of fo should be taken into account when analyzing the voice, particularly in singing-voice research, when comparing pre and posttreatment data, and when comparing inter-subject CPPS data. No relationship was seen between the amplitude of the voice-source fundamental and CPPS. A nonlinear association was seen between vibrato extent and CPPS, where CPPS values increased from 0 to 0.6 semitones (ST), then rapidly decreased approaching 1.0 ST. CPPS was significantly affected by both fo and source-spectrum tilt, independently. The tones were analysed in PRAAT, and statistical analyses were conducted in SPSS. Fundamental frequency, vibrato extent, source-spectrum tilt, and the amplitude of the voice-source fundamental were systematically and independently varied.
HOW TO USE PRAAT FOR CEPSTRAL PEAK PROMINENCE SERIES
A series of scales were synthesised using the freeware Madde. Using a range of synthesized tones, this exploratory study sought to systematically analyze the effect of fundamental frequency (fo), vibrato extent, source-spectrum tilt, and the amplitude of the voice-source fundamental on CPPS values. Yet, few studies have extensively examined how specific voice-source parameters affect CPPS values. In recent years cepstral analysis and specific cepstrum-based measures such as smoothed cepstral peak prominence (CPPS) has become increasingly researched and utilized in attempts to determine the extent of overall dysphonia in voice signals.
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